Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicinePain Catastrophizing ScaleVisual Analogue ScaleMcGill Pain QuestionnaireShort Form 36 Health SurveyChronic low back pain (CLBP)China Clinical Trial RegistryCLBP
…the research protocol was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: 2025-K-45), with trial registration completed…