Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolDexmedetomidineHospital Anxiety and Depression ScaleNumeric Rating ScaleChinese Clinical Trial RegistryPostoperative sleep disturbance (PSD)deliriumcognitive decline
…study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School (Approval No.: 2025–0064-02) and registered with the Chinese Cl…