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…ists were asked to prepare spinal drugs (bupivacaine, fentanyl, morphine) using water-filled ampoules and their usual technique. Syringe…

…oval No. 2-PĒk-4/335/2025. Spinal anesthesia (SA) with isobaric Bupivacaine 0.5% 2.8 ml and either intrathecal morphine 100 mcg (M group, n…

…ded 166 RCTs with 14 925 patients assigned to 32 interventions. Buprenorphine and diamorphine were the highest-ranked treatments for reducing…

…1 patients analysed. Cancer pain was the main indication (98%). Morphine (61%) and tramadol (15%) were the most frequently prescribed op…

…sone (8 mg) before induction and surgical incision, followed by ketamine (0.2 mg/kg/h) and remifentanil (TCI 1 ng/mL) infusions. In the …

…constipation, and pruritus are common to all opioids, including methadone. These are generally managed with standard supportive measures.…

…duration. We hypothesized that intrathecal nalbuphine, added to levobupivacaine, would enhance intraoperative and postoperative analgesia.Metho…

…ent-controlled analgesia (PCA), using morphine or morphine plus ketamine. Individualized approaches were applied, considering pre-existi…

…Objective Buprenorphine is an atypical opioid with analgesic efficacy and a more favora…

… (VAS score)1.3±1.6—1.0±1.82 (1.3)0.3 (0.0 to 0.7)*0.004Mean±SD paracetamol use in the first 7 days (days)4.2±1.9—3.5±2.42 (1.3)0.7 (0.5 to…

…isible particles, and degradation products.Conclusion Morphine, midazolam, noradrenaline, dopamine, and clonidine are strong candidates f…

…or three specific sedative medications: morphine, fentanyl, and midazolam.Method A paediatric pharmacist observed nursing staff during in…