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…de (25 936), empagliflozin (715 802), sitagliptin (493 563) and glipizide (832 295) ( online supplemental eTable 1, 5–8). Baseline charac…

…ever, these studies did not employ suitable active comparators. Metformin is often prescribed as first-line therapy in T2DM management, w…

…lin and SGLT2 inhibitors, while DPP-4 inhibitors clustered with metformin ( figure 1). Heatmapping confirmed strong phenotype-specific en…

…78.7%), followed by semaglutide (69.6%), exenatide (49.6%), and liraglutide (39.6%).Cox regression analysis (reference: dulaglutide) showed…

…particularly relevant for GLP-1 receptor agonists. For example, semaglutide has demonstrated dose-dependent effects on glycemic control and…

… among the GLP-1RA group compared with the sulfonylureas group. GLP-1RA=glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsDiscussionIn this nati…

…e age, duration of T2D, sex, BMI (<30, ≥30 and <35, ≥35 kg/m2), dulaglutide dose, and duration of dulaglutide treatment. The tirzepatide tr…

…CI −0.53 to 0.86 events per 1000 person-years) or compared with DPP-4is (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.71 to 1.24, rate difference −0.18; 95% CI −0…

…nsporter 2 inhibitors, and insulin, as well as length of use of metformin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhi…

…atide), or non-GLP-1RA medications (empagliflozin, sitagliptin, glipizide) from 1 December 2017 to 31 December 2023 were included. The as…

…he results of the ongoing SEPRA trial, we found that injectable semaglutide was superior to SoC with 30% more patients achieving A1C <7% at…