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…e age, duration of T2D, sex, BMI (<30, ≥30 and <35, ≥35 kg/m2), dulaglutide dose, and duration of dulaglutide treatment. The tirzepatide tr…

…intensification or change was 1.6 (0.7) and 1.4 (0.7) years for semaglutide and alternative treatment, with no subgroup differences noted (…

…de (25 936), empagliflozin (715 802), sitagliptin (493 563) and glipizide (832 295) ( online supplemental eTable 1, 5–8). Baseline charac…

…d consistent improvements in HbA1c and weight reductions versus dulaglutide across all baseline subgroups evaluated. These results indicate…

…lin and SGLT2 inhibitors, while DPP-4 inhibitors clustered with metformin ( figure 1). Heatmapping confirmed strong phenotype-specific en…

…78.7%), followed by semaglutide (69.6%), exenatide (49.6%), and liraglutide (39.6%).Cox regression analysis (reference: dulaglutide) showed…

…atide), or non-GLP-1RA medications (empagliflozin, sitagliptin, glipizide) from 1 December 2017 to 31 December 2023 were included. The as…

… with CP (ICD-10-CM K86.0/K86.1) were classified by exposure to dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide (GLP1a cohort) versus no GLP-1 ana…

…ever, these studies did not employ suitable active comparators. Metformin is often prescribed as first-line therapy in T2DM management, w…

…horts: those prescribed GLP-1 RAs (dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide) and a control group with no exposure to GLP-1-based therapies.…

…were identified. The exposed cohort included patients receiving dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide (n=1,440 before matching), and the…

…d into: Cohort 1 (CP+GLP-1 RA, n=10,978) with prescriptions for dulaglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide; and Cohort 2 (CP without GLP-1 RA…