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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has long been considered a primary causative factor for cervical cancer, but its significant role in a range of non-cervical cancers and diseases is increasingly recognised. Globally, the incidence of HPV-related non-cervical diseases such as vulvar, vaginal, anal, and head and neck cancers continues to rise.1 In China, new cases of HPV-related cancers increased by 3.8% annually from 2007 to 2015, with anal and oropharyngeal cancers in males rising markedly.2 Effective interventions are urgently needed to curb this growing disease burden. In August 2025, the ‘Expert Consensus on the Early Prevention of Human Papillomavirus-Related Non-Cervical Diseases (2025 Edition)’ was jointly released by the Cancer Prevention and Control Committee and the Vaccine and Immunization Branch of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association. By outlining evidence-based strategies for health education, vaccination and targeted screening, the Consensus shifts the national strategy from a cervical-focused approach towards a comprehensive, ‘multi-disease’ and ‘gender-neutral’ prevention framework. This transition aligns China with global best practices transitions and inaugurates a new era of comprehensive HPV control.3