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Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer among women, with the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer remaining particularly high in low- and middle-income countries.1 This may be related to factors such as ineffective vaccination programmes and a shortage of skilled, professional cytology personnel.2 3 In many countries, including China, cytopathology as a sub-specialty has not been completely established, and the cytotechnologist career is virtually non-existent. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, new technological approaches have emerged to improve Pap test screening, which is a critical component of Pap test review, but can be repetitive and labour-intensive. Currently, cervical cytology AI screening systems are divided into two major categories: slide-based AI systems and whole slide imaging (WSI)-based AI systems.