EASE–CEA: an Italian general practice reform model balancing autonomy and accountability in Italy’s primary care

Over a decade ago, the authors of this manuscript anticipated the current crisis in the Italian National Health Service with the publication The Perfect Storm/La tempesta perfetta,1 forecasting the unsustainable trajectory of the system in the face of demographic, epidemiological and organisational trends. That early warning has now materialised, with worsening fragmentation, resource strain and poor outcomes for chronic patients.