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Background Women lacking social support during pregnancy often have worse mental health, but we know little about the influence of social support on child development, or the impact for migrant women. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal social support during pregnancy and child development using the Born in Bradford birth cohort.Methods Social support was evaluated using a composite score of items from the baseline pregnancy questionnaire. Outcomes were Communication and Language and Personal, Social and Emotional development school-readiness assessments from the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile (EYFSP, age 4–5 years) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ, age 7–11 years), with associations tested using logistic and linear regression models. We explored the modifying effect of maternal migrant status.Results 3257 and 1413 cohort participants had EYFSP and SDQ outcomes, respectively. Higher levels of social support were associated with better EYFSP outcomes and SDQ scores. One SD higher social support score was associated with 13% lower odds of missing any EYFSP communication and language target (95% CI 0.79 to 0.95); 17% lower for EYFSP personal, social and emotional development (95% CI 0.75 to 0.92) and 0.65 (95% CI −0.98 to –0.32) lower overall SDQ scores, after adjustment for all variables. There was some evidence that maternal migrant status modified associations with SDQ, but not with EYFSP outcomes.Conclusions Greater attention to the role of social support in pregnancy, and its social and cultural context, may be helpful in developing and implementing interventions aiming to improve early childhood development.