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Esophageal atresia (EA) is the most common congenital anomaly of the esophagus, frequently associated with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Epidemiological studies showed that the overall incidence of EA is 1.27–4.55 per 100 000 live births among European centers; this has remained stable over the last three to four decades. 1 Survival rates for patients with EA have significantly improved over time and exceed 95%.2 The long-term outcomes of EA can vary significantly depending on the complexity of the anomaly, the presence of associated anomalies and the results of surgical treatment. Despite improvements in patient care, many children with EA face a range of long-term challenges that require medical care and close follow-up. Patient-based registries are used to collect epidemiological data for subsequent analysis to improve patient care and enhance understanding of the disease. These registries provide valuable insights into the clinical disease course, treatment outcomes and effective healthcare strategies. Moreover, they contribute to the healthcare system by providing larger data sets and developing a national and/or international database relevant to that specific rare disease. Indeed, one of the key advances in the understanding and treatment of EA has been the establishment of such national/regional registries which allow collection, analysis and sharing of data from large cohorts of patients with EA. In addition, patient-based registries may help inform and justify centralized data collection to highlight quality of patient care and reveal gaps in different centers.