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Anaemia is a frequent and clinically relevant complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), particularly in patients with lupus nephritis (LN), where systemic inflammation, impaired iron utilisation, immune-mediated mechanisms, treatment toxicity and kidney dysfunction may coexist.1 Treatment of anaemia in SLE/LN is not well established and relies on correcting reversible causes and controlling inflammatory activity. However, anaemia can persist despite control of SLE activity, creating a therapeutic challenge.2