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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has been identified in postmortem studies of the brains of former professional American football and hockey players and reported in high-impact medical journals. In these articles and a recent summary, authors suggested CTE resulted from years of repetitive head impacts and, with conviction, concluded traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes CTE.1 These conclusions have been widely publicised, as have adamant commentaries and media placements by the articles’ authors and others,2 creating a public perception that contact sport participation indeed causes CTE.3