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Background Rising global temperatures are increasing heat-related health risks, particularly among people with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Impaired thermoregulation, comorbidities, and reduced adaptive capacity may heighten vulnerability to heat, potentially leading to worsening symptoms, higher rates of hospitalisation, and premature mortality. However, the extent and nature of evidence linking climate-related heat exposure to outcomes in NDs remain unclear, limiting the development of targeted adaptation strategies.Methods We conducted a scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR framework. Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, and APAPsycInfo identified studies reporting health outcomes associated with ambient heat exposure (e.g., heatwaves, temperature extremes) in populations with clinically diagnosed NDs. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and full texts, with data charted on study design, population, exposure metrics, outcomes, and geographic setting.Results The preliminary results showed that most studies were observational and focused on Alzheimer’s disease, with limited research on Parkinson’s disease and other NDs. Studies were predominantly from high-income countries. Reported outcomes included increased emergency admissions, exacerbation of neuropsychiatric symptoms, and excess mortality during heat events. Evidence on long-term cognitive trajectories or the effectiveness of adaptation strategies was scarce. Findings indicate that people with NDs face disproportionate risks during periods of extreme heat, but current evidence is fragmented and geographically narrow.Conclusion Current evidence suggests that people with NDs experience heightened risks during periods of extreme heat, yet research remains geographically limited and fragmented. Mapping this evidence highlights critical knowledge gaps and identifies opportunities for integrating neurodegenerative populations into climate adaptation planning, clinical guidance, and public health heatwave response strategies. Findings are particularly relevant for UK health systems as they prepare for more frequent heat events, underscoring the need to translate evidence into protective policies and service planning for vulnerable neurological populations.