Document resource
Endovascular procedures use intravascular guidewires to treat a wide spectrum of arterial and venous disorders. Compared with open surgical techniques, these minimally invasive approaches are widely applied in conditions such as aneurysms, atherosclerosis, deep vein thrombosis, stroke, vascular malformations and peripheral arterial disease. 1–3 Endovascular treatment is generally associated with lower perioperative morbidity, shorter hospital stay, reduced intensive care utilisation and lower short-term hospital costs despite higher device-related expenses. However, these advantages are not universal as longer-term outcomes and certain complex pathologies—such as carotid disease and advanced abdominal aortic aneurysms—may still favour open surgery.4–6