Reconstruction of the frontal bone defect two decades after trauma

A male patient in his mid-40s presented with a significant forehead indentation, resulting from a high-energy frontal impact during a parachute accident in Poland approximately 20 years ago. Following the accident, the destructed anterior wall of his frontal sinus was surgically removed, leaving a noticeable depression ( figure 1a). Frontal sinus cranialization was offered in the index hospita but was declined by the patient due to the fear of an additional surgery.