Document resource
It is now widely recognised that host–microbiome interactions play a major role in the control of energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are characterised by major shifts in the gut microbiota composition, reduced gut barrier integrity, metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance.1 2 Obesity is associated with increased intestinal permeability and translocation of bacterial fragments as well as intact bacteria to insulin-target tissues such as liver and fat.3 4 However, the underlying mechanisms linking specific taxa and microbiome-derived metabolites to systemic insulin resistance and metabolic alterations in target tissues still remain elusive.