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Why did you do this work? Street and Working children (SWC) and young people (YP) are highly vulnerable to violence, exploitation, hazardous environments, and human rights violations. Both groups of children face disproportionate morbidity in nutrition and growth problems, infectious diseases, sexual and reproductive health, mental health and substance use. The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child and the International Labour Organisation provide guidance to national governments, but there is limited information on their right to healthcare. We aimed to identify enablers and barriers to healthcare access for SWC and document associated rights violations.What did you do? Given the complex and multi-faceted nature of healthcare access among street and working children, we deemed a scoping review to be most appropriate for our study. From 2000 to the present, we conducted systematic searches for street and working children (0–18 years), splitting the search for street children and working children separately to bring forward the specificities and commonalities between the two groups. Databases included MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EBSCO, PUBMED, and PROQUEST, and we used broad search terms related to street children, working children, healthcare access, and rights. The searches were supplemented by grey literature and hand searches. Two independent reviewers finalised the included studies, and data were analysed using a rights-based framework with narrative analysis and thematisation.What did you find? The initial search yielded 4723 articles (3349 for street children, 1374 for working children), with 35 studies (18 for street children, 17 for working children) included in the review. Most studies on working children (13/17) focused on trafficking/commercial exploitation. Studies were predominantly from Africa, followed by the United States, Asia, the United Kingdom, and Canada, with only two employing a rights framework. The majority of included studies on street children were from Africa, whereas most of the studies on working children were from high-income countries. SWC face barriers such as cost, distance, visibility/accessibility of services, stigma, seclusion, threats of violence, lack of legal documents, crisis-oriented healthcare use, and self-medication. Enablers included agency, self-efficacy, positive relationships with adults, and proactive healthcare use when accessible. A diversity of settings, pathways, and solutions were identified in the studies. Emergency departments were frequently accessed by SWC, indicating a need for healthcare professionals to be trained and sensitised. Holistic and comprehensive healthcare was deemed essential.What does it mean? There are significant gaps in the literature on healthcare access for this population, especially for working children. As with other marginalised groups street and working children have many barriers to appropriate healthcare access and experience myriad rights violations. Enablers were largely related to resilience and agency exhibited by these young people and the trusted relationships with significant adults who were responsive to their needs. Healthcare for SWC must be tailored to their unique needs, be holistic and trauma-informed.References Seth R, MacRae P, Goldhagen J, et al. Street and working children: a call for rights-based approach to their health and well-being. BMJ Paediatrics Open. 2024;8(1):e002486.Committee on the rights of the child. General comment No. 21 (2017) on children in street situations. New York: United Nations Convention on the rights of the child, 2017.Woan J, Lin J, Auerswald C. The health status of street children and youth in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of Adolescent Health 2013;53(3):314–21. e12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.03.013Batomen Kuimi BL, Oppong-Nkrumah O, Kaufman J, et al. Child labour and health: a systematic review. International Journal of Public Health 2018;63(5):663–72. doi: 10.1007/s00038-018-1075-9