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Objective Prostate cancer is the second most common and the 5th cause of cancer death among men worldwide. Several meta-analyses have linked the incidence of prostate cancer to agriculture and pesticide use. Among these, organophosphate insecticides are a large family that has been widely used throughout the world for decades and have been seldom studied. We assessed association between occupational exposure to 26 organophosphate insecticides and prostate cancer risk in the Agriculture and Cancer cohort (AGRICAN).Material and Methods The PESTIMAT crop-exposure matrix was used to assess exposure to the 26 organophosphates studied, based on the probability, frequency and intensity of their use. A Cox regression model with age as the time scale was used to estimate the hazard ratio with 95% confidence intervals among men enrolled from 2005 to 2007 in the AGRICAN cohort, with follow-up until 31st December 2017.Results With a total of 4,102 incident cases of prostate cancer out of 80,038 men, an increased prostate cancer risk was observed with duration and/or exposure score for the following 12 organophosphates: diazinon, malathion, dichlorvos, parathion-ethyl, chlorpyrifos ethyl, fonofos, phorate, terbufos, azinphos, mevinphos, parathion-methyl and trichlorfon. We also observed some inverse association with prostate cancer risk for a few molecules such as methidathion and oxydemeton-methyl. No confounding effects were detected in the relationship between exposure to each organophosphate and prostate cancer risk.Conclusion Our study provides new informations about exposure to organophosphates and prostate cancer risk. Consideration of data from follow-up questionnaire will enable us to complete and refine the results.