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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a progressive disease characterised by an increasing AF burden and a transition from paroxysmal to persistent arrhythmia patterns.1 This AF progression is associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes as well as a reduced likelihood of maintaining sinus rhythm (SR).1 Catheter ablation (CA) is an established and effective treatment for AF; however, outcomes in patients with persistent AF remain significantly inferior compared with those observed in paroxysmal AF.2