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Abstract Background Peg-interferon (peg-IFN) plays an increasingly important role in HBV cure strategies, either in combination with novel antivirals, as a lead-in or as consolidation treatment.Objective We aimed to provide estimates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) decline and clearance that can be achieved with peg-IFN addition to nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy.Design This is a post hoc meta-analysis of individual participant data from eight clinical trials involving chronic hepatitis B patients on NA therapy who received peg-IFN add-on. The primary endpoint was HBsAg loss at end of follow-up (EOF, 6–12 months after end of peg-IFN). Secondary analyses focused on HBsAg decline.Results 581 patients were included. At the start of peg-IFN therapy (SOT), 44% were hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) positive, mean HBsAg level was 3.03 log10 IU/mL (HBsAg<100: 12%; 100–1000: 28%; ≥1000: 60%), and planned duration of peg-IFN was 48 weeks in 496 patients (85%).At EOF, 50 (8.6%) patients achieved HBsAg loss (HBsAg<100/100–1000/≥1000: 37.7/9.8/2.3%, p<0.001) Findings were consistent across ethnicities (Caucasian: 30.0/8.7/3.6%; Asian: 39.3/9.2/2.2%). In patients with SOT HBsAg≥1000 IU/mL, levels <1000 and <100 were achieved in 29.7% and 8.9% at 24 weeks and in 47.5% and 16.3% at 48 weeks of peg-IFN therapy, respectively.Conclusion Peg-IFN add-on results in HBsAg loss in 18% of patients with SOT HBsAg<1000 IU/mL, and in 38% if SOT HBsAg<100 IU/mL. Among patients with higher HBsAg levels, peg-IFN could be used to reduce HBsAg to below thresholds associated with response to novel compounds.