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Financial toxicity in the literature: a cross-sectional analysis

bmjspcare · 2026-04-28 · canonical JSON source

3 visible annotations · policy: published · automated confidence ≥ 75.00%

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Financial toxicity refers to the financial strain and associated distress experienced by patients as a consequence of medical care. Although financial hardship related to illness has long been recognised, the term financial toxicity was first introduced in 2013 in the oncologic literature by Zafar et al.1 At its inception, financial toxicity described the economic distress imposed on patients by out-of-pocket costs for cancer care. The term was gradually adopted by other authors in the oncologic field and used in 2014 by the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy group in their tool to score financial consequences of cancer care, known as Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity–Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (COST-FACIT). The concept has since gained greater prominence, reflected by its increasing presence in the literature.