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Background To investigate the association between first-day serum albumin (ALB) levels upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality in patients with Hyperlipidemic Acute Pancreatitis (HTAP), and to explore its potential non-linear nature.Methods This retrospective study analyzed data from 350 adult HTAP patients admitted to the ICU for the first time from 2021 to 2024, sourced from the MIMIC-IV database. First-day ICU ALB levels and relevant clinical data were extracted. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the linear relationship between ALB and in-hospital mortality. Generalized additive models (GAM) and two-piecewise linear regression models were employed to explore non-linear relationships and identify inflection points.Results After adjusting for multiple confounders, each 1 g/L increase in first-day ICU ALB was associated with a 32% reduction in in-hospital mortality risk (OR=0.79,95% CI:0.61-0.92, P=0.007). GAM analysis further revealed a significant non-linear relationship between ALB and in-hospital mortality, with an inflection point at 28 g/L. When ALB was≤28 g/L, each 1 g/L increase in ALB was associated with a 65% significant reduction in mortality risk (OR=0.45,95%CI:0.27-0.76, P=0.001); however, no statistical significance was observed when ALB > 28 g/L. Conclusions First-day ICU serum ALB levels in patients with AP were significantly negatively associated with in-hospital mortality in a non-linear manner. An ALB level of 28 g/L was identified as an important clinical inflection point for distinguishing high-risk patients. Early monitoring and attention to ALB levels are crucial for risk stratification and clinical decision-making in HTAP patients.