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Babies who survived serious illness soon after birth continue to have a high mortality risk into adolescence, according to a longitudinal study from Sweden ( JAMA Pediatr doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.1873). Among two million children born 2002 to 2021, around 2% had experienced severe neonatal morbidity. Followed until 2023, their mortality was six times higher than children who hadn’t had neonatal problems. Neonatal neurological conditions carried the highest risk.