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Introduction Background: Scleroderma is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Its expression can vary across ethnic groups. This study aimed to compare clinical and serological manifestations of scleroderma between Jewish and Arab patients in Israel.Material and Methods Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 scleroderma patients (50 Jewish, 50 Arab) attending the rheumatology clinic at Meir Medical Center. Clinical and laboratory data, including demographics, disease characteristics, autoantibody profiles, organ involvement, and treatment, were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the two groups.Results Results: Most clinical, laboratory, and treatment variables did not differ significantly between Jewish and Arab patients. The sole significant difference was the higher prevalence of skin telangiectasia in Jewish patients (86%) compared to Arab patients (38%) (p<0.0001). Other manifestations, including organ involvement and autoantibody prevalence, were similar across the groups.Conclusions Conclusion: This study reveals significant similarities in the clinical and serological expression of scleroderma between Jewish and Arab patients in Israel. The higher prevalence of telangiectasia in Jewish patients suggests a possible ethnic or environmental influence on vascular manifestations. Further research is needed to explore the potential genetic or environmental factors contributing to this difference and to assess if this impacts disease progression or treatment outcomes.