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The mental health of athletes is an integral component of their overall health. Therefore, to better identify and characterise the challenges athletes may face, and in response to the lack of epidemiological data regarding their mental health, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Mental Health Working Group proposed a specific extension addressing mental health disorders 1 to the IOC consensus statement on a method for recording epidemiological data on injuries and illnesses in sport.2 3 This article aims to synthesise the essential elements of the consensus statement (figure 1).4