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Hundreds of thousands of people have been internally displaced by the ongoing US-Israeli war on Iran, creating a public health emergency. At the time of writing, more than 170 000 people had crossed from Iran into neighbouring countries, mostly Turkey,1 and over 100 000 people were relocated within Iran owing to the air strikes.2 The public health response must therefore distinguish between the cities people leave from and the places that receive them. This approach requires moving from ad hoc crisis responses to proactive health system resilience, integrating community networks, charities, and voluntary groups.