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RNA molecules are subject to extensive post-transcriptional modifications that fine-tune their stability, localization, and function. Among the more than 100 known RNA modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal mark on eukaryotic messenger RNAs. This dynamic modification is installed by methyltransferases (“writers”), removed by demethylases (“erasers”), and interpreted by RNA-binding proteins (“readers”) to modulate gene expression. In this review, we examine the mechanisms governing m6A deposition and its broad impact on mRNA fate. We then focus on the emerging roles of m6A in shaping antitumor immune responses and discuss how targeting m6A-regulated pathways can enhance the efficacy of existing immunotherapies. Finally, we highlight recent advances and ongoing challenges in the development of drugs that target key regulators of m6A RNA modifications.