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Preterm birth affects around 7–8% of pregnancies in the UK. There are immunological consequences of preterm birth, epidemiological differences in infectious diseases in the preterm population and differences in immunity after vaccination, both following immunisations received in pregnancy and following vaccines administered to infants themselves. There are also often increased concerns about the side effects experienced by preterm infants following vaccination. It is important that health care professionals and parents are fully informed about the specific issues of vaccination in this group.