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Four decades of war and armed conflict have created a complex and prolonged humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan. The country, with a population of approximately 41 million, is grappling with rapid economic decline, pervasive poverty, and climate shocks, driving emergency levels of food insecurity and unprecedented hunger. 1 An estimated 15 million Afghans face acute food insecurity, and 13 million lack access to healthcare due to inadequate infrastructure and high costs.1 2 Healthcare facilities are chronically understaffed and under-resourced, with many consistently short of medicines and supplies.2 The Taliban’s takeover in August 2021 triggered an economic collapse, exacerbated by the withdrawal of foreign investments and restrictions on international banking transactions.1 The Taliban’s oppressive gender policies towards women and girls, including bans on work and education, have drawn widespread media attention and condemnation from the international community. In response, major foreign donors suspended billions of dollars in aid to Afghanistan.1 Over $9 billion in Afghan assets remains inaccessible, and humanitarian funding, which once accounted for 75% of public expenditures, has been severely restricted.1 Little attention, however, has been given to the human rights violations and health inequities facing ethnic and religious minoritised groups, especially the historically persecuted Hazara population.