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Background This study aims to analyse the annual incidence rate of mortality due to burning and its distribution in Iran from 2011 to 2022 using the growth mixture model (GMM). The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for developing targeted health interventions to reduce burn mortality.Method The current study used data from the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization from 2011 to 2022. The annual and 10-year cumulative mortality rates were calculated by sex for all provinces. The GMM was employed to classify provinces according to the magnitude of alterations in the burn mortality rate concerning the intercept and slope parameters, using R software, V.4.3.2, and the lcmm package. The significance level was less than 0.05.Results There were notable regional differences in the 10-year burn death rates. Kermanshah (50.08), Khuzestan (48.44) and Sistan and Baluchestan (46.33) per 100 000 population reported the highest rates, while Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (3.68) and Semnan (4.79) had the lowest. High death rates were found for males in Khuzestan (49.32) and Esfahan (52.03) and for females in Kermanshah (59.98) and Ilam (55.79) according to sex-specific analyses. Provinces were categorised into five clusters using GMM analysis. While cluster 2 (1 province) showed rising rates, cluster 1 (19 provinces) showed steady mortality trends. Cluster 5 (3 provinces) showed notable decreases. The spatial analysis highlighted marked differences between sexes: male mortality showed a steeper decline across clusters, particularly in provinces with initially high rates, whereas female mortality exhibited mixed trends, with increases in some provinces and declines in others.Conclusions The study highlights significant regional and sex differences in burn-related mortality in Iran. Specific public health interventions, such as preventative campaigns and improved access to healthcare, are urgently needed in high-risk provinces like Kermanshah and Khuzestan. These results lay the foundation for targeted interventions aimed at reducing burn-related deaths and addressing health disparities across the country.