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Sensory restoration procedures, such as gene therapy in ophthalmology and cochlear implants in audiology, have the potential to significantly improve sensory function, but their impact on mental health and well-being is unclear. Here, we identify this as an issue that warrants greater attention and propose some potential factors that may impact mental health. First, outcomes can vary widely and unpredictably between recipients, making it difficult for clinicians to prepare a patient for what to expect post-treatment, and clinical ‘success’ does not always correspond to meaningful improvements to perception in the real world. Second, age-related change in cortical plasticity means that perceptual benefits may be related to the age at which treatment is provided, as physiological plasticity and behavioural adaptability diminish with age. Children often show the greatest and longest-lasting improvements in sensory function, with some adults reporting feelings of distress or being overwhelmed by new perceptual experiences. Finally, changes in self- and cultural identity may affect post-treatment well-being. While there are comprehensive clinical guidelines for good clinical practice for assessing candidacy and the procedures themselves, there are limited specific, evidence-based guidelines for the psychological support of patients. As these procedures are irreversible and might negatively impact quality of life, there is an urgent need for evidence-based psychological support guidelines to accompany sensory restoration programmes.