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Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a neglected, sexually transmitted retrovirus. Around 10% of people living with HTLV-1 (PLHTLV) develop adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) or severe inflammatory disease such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM), uveitis or bronchiectasis. In addition, PLHTLV have an unexplained 1.6-fold increased adjusted mortality rate.1 HTLV-1 adversely impacts strongyloidiasis, tuberculosis and other coinfections.2 Importantly, HTLV-1 is associated with reduced quality of life, psychological distress and stigmatisation.