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Introduction Clinical guidelines recommend exercise as a first-line treatment in hip osteoarthritis, but whether exercise dosage is important is greatly debated. The aim of this study was to examine associations between training volume and changes in patient-reported and performance-based physical function.Materials and Methods This was an exploratory cohort study using longitudinal data from the Hip Booster trial, which was a multicenter randomized controlled trial conducted in 5 hospitals and 10 physiotherapy clinics in Denmark. Participants were randomized to 12 weeks of progressive resistance training (PRT) or neuromuscular exercise (NEMEX). This exploratory study included 144 participants who had complete training and outcome data, including the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) subscale from the Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) and the 30-second chair stand test (30s-CST).Results In the PRT group, a 64.700 kg increase in training volume was associated with a greater improvement in HOOS ADL corresponding to the minimal important difference (MID) of 8.6 points, while a 41.700 kg increase was associated with the MID for the 30s-CST of 0.5 repetitions. In the NEMEX group, a 8.958-repetition increase in training volume was associated with a greater improvement in HOOS ADL corresponding to the (MID) of 8.6 points, while a 3.225 repetition increase was associated with the MID for the 30s-CST of 0.5 repetitions.Conclusion In hip osteoarthritis, greater training volume was associated with greater improvements in patient-reported and performance-based physical function.