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Background The Role Checklist is broadly used to assess perceived role participation. Although stroke survivors often experience decreased participation, its reliability has not been evaluated for Spanish-speaking individuals with stroke.Objective To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Role Checklist in Spanish-speaking individuals with stroke.Design Validation study.Setting Randomly selected public primary care centres.Participants 179 participants with stroke.Outcome measures Internal consistency was analysed using Cronbach’s alpha and item-total correlations. Test–retest and inter-rater reliability were evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Measurement precision was examined by calculating the SE of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change (MDC) 95% CI. Floor and ceiling effects were assessed by calculating the proportion of participants who achieved the minimum and maximum possible scores.Results The ‘role participation’ subscale showed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.73 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.74) and the ‘assigned value’ subscale of 0.45 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.57). All item-total correlations for the items within the ‘assigned value’ subscale were significant. Test–retest analysis showed ICC values >0.84, and inter-rater reliability showed ICC values >0.99 for role participation and assigned value. The SEM estimates were 1.43 for the role participation subscale and 0.88 for the value attributed to the total number of roles subscale. MDC 95 values were 3.96 and 2.43 for these subscales, respectively. No floor or ceiling effects were observed.Conclusion The Role Checklist exhibited acceptable internal consistency, temporal stability and interobserver reliability.