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Adult staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in an immunocompetent individual

bmjcr · 2025-09-11 · canonical JSON source

6 visible annotations · policy: published · automated confidence ≥ 75.00%

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Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) presents with a prodrome of fever, tender erythematous patches over the perioral region and flexures that gradually involve the entire body, sparing mucosa. Subsequently, flaccid bullae develop in erythematous areas which rupture to leave red-glazed areas and sheets of exfoliation. Exfoliative toxin A (ETA) and exfoliative toxin B (ETB) released by some focus of Staphylococcus aureus infection (phage group II in >90% cases; less commonly by group I, III) spread haematogeneously, causing proteolysis of desmoglein one and producing superficial blisters; but sometimes the focus may not be localised.1 Biopsy shows subcorneal split containing few neutrophils, intact underlying epidermis and mild periadnexal lymphocytic infiltrate. SSSS can be differentiated from its close mimic toxic epidermal necrolysis by staphylococcal infection focus, mucosal sparing, negative history of prior drug intake and lack of keratinocyte necrosis throughout epidermis on biopsy. A frozen section biopsy helps rapidly differentiate the two, but a regular biopsy is recommended.2 3 Management includes antistaphylococcal antibiotics, bland dressings and maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance and body temperature.